Akustik II / Acoustics II (Handbuch der Physik Encyclopedia of Physics, 3 / 11 / 2)

Generation and Measurement of Sound in Gases.- A. Generation of sound.- I. General ideas and definitions.- II. Direct-radiator loudspeakers.- III. Horn loudspeakers.- IV. Resonant bar source.- V. Air driven sources.- VI. Explosive sound sources.- B. Measurement of sound.- I. Pressure sensitive microphones.- II. Velocity sensitive instruments.- III. Temperature sensitive detectors.- IV. Calibration of microphones.- Generation, Detection and Measurement of Ultrasound.- I. Generation of ultrasound.- a) Transducers using electric power supply.- b) Transducers supplied by mechanical energy.- c) Generation of hypersound.- d) The radiated field.- II. Detection of ultrasound.- a) Mechanical effects.- b) Thermal effects.- c) Optical effects of ultrasound.- d) Visualization of the ultrasonic field.- III. Methods of measuring the propagation constants.- a) Continuous wave methods.- b) Non-stationary methods.- General references.- High Frequency Ultrasonic Stress Waves in Solids.- I. Stress waves.- II. Scattering.- III. Thermoelastic effects.- IV. Dislocation damping.- V. Stress wave interaction with conduction electrons in metals.- VI. Magneto-elastic interactions.- VII. Stress wave interaction with thermal elastic waves. Phonon-phonon interaction.- VIII. Stress wave interaction with nuclear spin systems.- IX. The effect of ultrasonic stress waves on electron paramagnetic resonance in solids.- X. Stress waves and electrical phenomena in piezoelectric crystals.- XI. Acoustoelectric effect.- References.- The Effects of Intense Ultrasonics in Liquids.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Cavitation and de-gasing.- 3. Signs of cavitation.- 4. Cinematography of bubbles.- 5. Cavitation noises.- 6. Theoretical analysis of cavitation.- 7. Cavitation thresholds.- 8. Nuclei.- 9. Erosion.- 10. Dispersion and emulsification.- 11. Luminescence.- 12. Chemical effects.- 13. Effects in polymers.- 14. Effects in metals.- Addendum.- Sachverzeichnis (Deutsch-Englisch).- Subject Index (English-German).